THE RELATIONS BETWEEN AMIR TEMUR AND TOKHTAMYSHKHAN IN THE INTERPRETATION OF JOSEPH VON HAMMER-PURGSTALL
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article examines the information recorded by the German historian of the 19th century, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, in his work “The History of the Golden Horde in Kipchak, or: The Mongols in Russia” concerning the period of the beginning and development of relations between Amir Temur and Tokhtamysh Khan. Furthermore, the German orientalist’s views on the “Battle of Qunduzcha,” which took place between the two rulers, are analyzed based on sources from the Timurid period. The study employs comparative analysis and problem-chronological methods. The opinions expressed by the German orientalist regarding the place and role of the Golden Horde state in Sahibqiran’s foreign policy are examined on the basis of historical sources, and his errors and shortcomings are discussed. The article also highlights, through information from historical sources, that Joseph Hammer did not fully cover Amir Temur’s activities during the “Battle of Qunduzcha”
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Geschichte der Ilchane, das ist der Mongolen in Persien: Band 1. – Darmstadt, druck und verlag von Carl Wilhkim Leske, 1842. – 435 p.
Xammer J. Geschichte der Golden Horde in Kiptschak das ist: der mongolen in Russland. – Pesth, C. A. Hartleben’s Verlag, 1840. – 683 p.
Xammer J. Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches:größtentheils aus bisher unbenützten Handschriften und Archiven. Von der Gründung des Osmanischen Reiches bis zur Eroberung Constantinopels, 1300 - 1453: Mit einer Karte. – Perth, Conrad Adolph Hartleben’s Verlag, 1834; 10 vol; Constantinopolis und der Bosporos, örtlich und geschichtlich beschrieben. – Pesth, Hartleben’s Verlag, 1822. – 626 p.
Муиниддин Натанзий. Мунтахаб ут-таворихи Муиний. / Форс тилидан таржима, сўз боши ва изоҳлар муаллифи – Ғулом Каримий – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон. 2011. – 264 б.
Низомиддин Шомий. Зафарнома / Форс тилидан ўгирувчи – Ю.Ҳакимжонов, таржимани қайта ишлаб нашрга тайёрловчи ва маъсул муҳаррир – А.Ўринбоев, изоҳлар ва луғатларни тузувчи – Ҳ.Кароматов (жуғрофий номлар изоҳи – О.Бўриевники), Ҳофизу Абруни «Зафарнома»га ёзган «Зайл»и(«Илова»)ни форсийдан ўгирувчи ва изоҳларини тузувчи – О.Бўриев. – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон, 1996. – 528 б.
Фасих Хавафи. Муджмал-и Фасихи / Пер. предис. примеч. и указатели Д.Ю.Юсуповой. – Ташкент: Фан, 1980. – 346 с.
Хондамир Ғиёсиддин. Ҳабиб ус-сийар фи ахбори афроди башар / Форс тилидан таржима, муқаддима муаллифлари – Жалил Ҳазратқулов, Исмоил Бекжонов, Изоҳлар муаллифлари – Ашраф Аҳмедов, Исмоил Бекжонов, – Тошкент: Ўзбекистон. 2013. – 1272 б.
Шарафиддин Али Йаздий. Зафарнома. /Сўз боши, табдил, изоҳлар ва кўрсаткичлар муаллифлари А.Ахмад ва Ҳ.Бобобеков. – Тошкент: Шарқ, 1997. – 384 б.